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--- c4c:networking-tcpip [20/05/2026 13:59] – created andrew
+++ c4c:networking-tcpip [20/05/2026 16:48] (current) – andrew
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Networking and TCP / IP ======
+===== Introduction =====
+{{:c4c:webrequest.png?200 |}}
+So what does 192.0.2.44 mean? It’s an Internet Protocol (IP) address which is used by the
+internet to communicate between hosts.
+IP is part of TCP/IP, which is the protocol suite responsible for routing data round the internet.
+A “Host” is just a device connected to the internet, it can be a Server, PC, network printer or
+IOT device, in fact just about anything.
+TCP/IP = Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
+But….
+TCP/IP is comprised of more than TCP and IP.
+It actually has:-
+TCP =  Transmission Control Protocol
+UDP = User Datagram Protocol
+ICMP = Internet Control Message Protocol
+IP = Internet Protocol
+So maybe TCP/IP should be TCP/UDP/ICMP/IP !!
+Most TCP/IP traffic is referred to as IPv4, but IPv6 is already in use and growing.
+IPv6 was devised to overcome a shortage in IPv4 addresses.
+^ Protocol ^ Maximum number of hosts
+| IPv4 | 4,294,967,296 |
+| IPv6 | 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 |
+So where did IPv1,2,3 an IPv5 end up?
+IPv1,2 and 3 were experimental, IPv4 was the first production version.
+IPv5 was called Internet Stream Protocol, it too was experimental and was never used in production.
+https://rednectar.net/2012/05/24/just-how-many-ipv6-addresses-are-there-really/
+===== TCP/IP and Ethernet =====
+{{:c4c:osi.gif?200 |}}{{:c4c:networkcard.png?200 |}}
+TCP/IP is not Ethernet!
+In the OSI stack:-
+TCP/IP is a “Layer 3” protocol.
+Ethernet is a “Layer 2” protocol
+So whilst ethernet is the most common way
+To carry IP traffic, it can be carried on:-
+==== Token Ring ====
+{{:c4c:tokenring1.png?200 |}}
+==== Serial lines ====
+{{:c4c:serial1.png?200 |}}
+{{:c4c:serial2.png?200 |}}
+==== ATM (Asynchronous Transport Mode) ====
+{{:c4c:atm1.jpg?200 |}}
+{{:c4c:atm2.jpg?200 |}}